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Wind‐Front Interactions Drive Intense Turbulence at the Oceanic Submesoscale
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Wind‐Front Interactions Drive Intense Turbulence at the Oceanic Submesoscale

Hieu T Pham, Sutanu Sarkar, Siddhant Kerhalkar and Amit Tandon
Geophysical research letters, Vol.53(11)
06/16/2026

Abstract

Asymmetry Boundary layer structure Boundary layers Buoyancy Buoyancy flux Cyclones Dense water Dissipation Large eddy simulation Mixed layer Monsoon winds Oceanic turbulence Simulation Surface mixed layer Turbulence Turbulence dynamics Wind Winds
Observations of the cold wake of Cyclone Biparjoy in the Arabian Sea reveal an asymmetrical boundary layer structure across a dense water filament (DWF). This asymmetry arises from the interaction between monsoonal winds and uniquely strong frontal buoyancy gradients. Large‐eddy simulations capture the observed contrast between the downfront wind and upfront wind sides of the DWF, which are respectively destabilized and stabilized by the Ekman buoyancy flux BEk$\left({B}_{Ek}\right)$ . Distinct patches of enhanced turbulence on both sides of the DWF indicate multiple triggering mechanisms. While the highest dissipation rates (ε)$(\varepsilon )$occur below the surface mixed layer at the downfront edge–with values exceeding BEk${B}_{Ek}$ –dissipation on the upfront side is comparably large despite the nominally stabilizing effect of BEk${B}_{Ek}$ . The frontal‐averaged profile of ε$\varepsilon $on the downfront side deviates from established theories of front‐wind interaction. These findings necessitate a re‐evaluation of frontal turbulence dynamics and their representation in numerical parameterizations.
url
https://doi.org/10.1029/2026GL121719View
Published (Version of record) Open

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