Abstract
There is ample evidence that patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have increased risk of fracture even though they have normal or high bone mineral density. As a result, poor bone quality is suggested to contribute to skeletal fragility in this population. Thus, our goal was to conduct a comprehensive literature review to understand how bone quality components are altered in T2D and their effects on bone biomechanics and fracture risk.
T2D does affect bone quality via alterations in bone microarchitecture, organic matrix, and cellular behavior. Further, studies indicate that bone biomechanical properties are generally deteriorated in T2D, but there are few reports in patients. Additional work is needed to better understand molecular and cellular mechanisms that contribute to skeletal fragility in T2D. This knowledge can contribute to the development of improved diagnostic tools and drug targets to for improved quality of life for those with T2D.