Abstract
A variety of analyses were used to assess the structure (community composition) and function (assimilation number, nitrogen fixation) of phytoplankton in the Neuse River Estuary (NRE), NC under ambient and modified nutrient concentrations. Dilution bioassays were employed to reduce the concentration of nitrogen (N) or both N and phosphorus (P) and thus compare varied DIN:DIP ratios. Experimental manipulations created conditions that may result from mandated N load reductions to the estuary. We hypothesized that unilateral reduction of N loading to the NRE would increase the activity, abundance and diversity of N^sub 2^ fixing cyanobacteria. Changes in phytoplankton primary productivity, N^sub 2^ fixation (nitrogenase activity), genetic potential for N^sub 2^ fixation (presence of nifH), phytoplankton taxonomic composition (diagnostic photopigment concentration) and abundances of N^sub 2^ fixing cyanobacteria (microscopy) were determined. Decreasing ambient DIN:DIP ratios in NRE samples resulted in increased rates of N^sub 2^ fixation when seed populations were present and environmental conditions were amenable. Decreasing the DIN:DIP ratio did not lead to an increase in the abundance or diversity of N^sub 2^ fixing cyanobacteria. Because N^sub 2^ fixing cyanobacteria were only actively fixing nitrogen during periods of low riverine N discharge (summer and early autumn), lowering nutrient ratios may not have a major impact on the NRE. However, the maximum potential amount of N from N^sub 2^ fixation was calculated using rates from this study and was found to be approximately 3% of total riverine loading of N to the NRE. Because N^sub 2^ fixation occurs farther downstream and later in the year than riverine N loading to the NRE, there is potential for N^sub 2^ fixation to modify N dynamics. Analyses of the phytoplankton community as a whole in these relatively short term experiments indicated that reduced DIN:DIP may not have a major impact on their structure and function.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]