Abstract
•A compact CH4 optical sensor system without pressure control was developed for atmospheric CH4 detection.•The sensor system integrated a 3.291μm ICL and a novel dense MPGC with a 54.6m optical path length.•The pressure was measured using direct Lorentzian absorption fitting for the compensation of CH4 concentration changes.•The sensor worked normally on several diluted CH4 samples as the pressure changes from 25 to 800 Torr.•Indoor/outdoor CH4 measurements indicated the sensor system as a robust, reliable and field-deployable sensor system.
A mid-infrared methane (CH4) sensor without pressure control was developed using a continuous-wave (CW) interband cascade laser (ICL) for targeting a CH4 absorption line located at 3038.5cm−1. A multi-pass gas cell with an absorption path length of 54.6m was utilized for enhancing gas absorption. The pressure inside the MPGC was measured using direct Lorentzian absorption fitting for the compensation of CH4 concentration changes resulting from pressure variations. Laboratory pressure calibration was conducted in the range of 25–800Torr using 1.3-, 1.5-, 1.7- and 2.1-ppmv CH4 samples. A pressure precision of ∼1.65Torr with a ∼2.5-s averaging time was achieved based on the measurement of a 2.1-ppmv CH4 sample at 700-Torr. Concentration level measurements of a 2.1-ppmv CH4 sample at a 700-Torr pressure yielded an Allan deviation of 2.25 ppbv for an averaging time of 2.5s. The sensor functioned normally with CH4 samples at 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6 and 2.1ppmv concentration levels as the pressure changes from 25 to 800Torr. Indoor/outdoor CH4 concentration measurements on the Rice University campus and a field campaign in the Greater Houston Area (GHA) were conducted to evaluate the performance of the sensor system.