Abstract
Diverse and interacting spawning groups of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) have varying degrees of independence to environmental conditions. How these population components respond independently to the same set of environmental conditions, and are connected through straying or entrainment, will contribute to the aggregate metapopulation dynamics. The consequences of connectivity for productivity, stability, and persistence were evaluated in an age-structured model of a two-component metapopulation. Simulation scenarios of straying and entrainment were developed to examine the effects of component interchange and recruitment covariance on metapopulation attributes. Asynchronous component responses should result in reduced variance in metapopulation dynamics, which was measured as the portfolio effect (PE). Most types and magnitudes of connectivity reduced metapopulation productivity and stability. Increased connectivity tended to increase instability of a component by distributing the effect of strong year classes among components and disrupting the "storage effect" within components. Density-dependent straying and entrainment, respectively, showed stabilizing and destabilizing feedback cycles on metapopulation stability and persistence. Furthermore, high rates of connectivity tended to result in increased synchronous responses between components and depressed metapopulation productivity, stability, and PE. Exploitation on a metapopulation should similarly depress independence among components because high mortality will dampen component responses to environmental forcing.